The economic impact of turmoil could end the Erdogan era
By Daniel Pipes, Washington Times
Rebellion has shaken Turkey since May 31. Is it comparable to the Arab upheavals that overthrew four rulers since 2011, to Iran’s Green Movement of 2009 that led to an apparent reformer being elected president last week, or perhaps to Occupy Wall Street, which had negligible consequences?
The unrest marks a deeply important development with permanent implications. Turkey has become a more open and liberal country in which leaders face democratic constraints as never before. How much it changes Turkey depends primarily on the economy.
China-like material growth has been the main achievement of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and the party he heads, the AKP. Personal income has more than doubled in the decade that he has been in power, changing the face of the country. As a visitor to Turkey since 1972, I have seen the impact of this growth in almost every area of life, from what people eat to their sense of Turkish identity.
This impressive growth explains the AKP’s increased share of the national vote in its three elections, from 34 percent in 2002 to 46 percent in 2007 to a shade less than 50 percent in 2011. It also explains how, after 90 years of the military serving as the ultimate political power, the party was able to bring the armed forces to heel.
At the same time, two vulnerabilities have become more evident, especially since the June 2011 elections, jeopardizing Mr. Erdogan’s continued domination of the government:
Dependence on foreign credit. To sustain consumer spending, Turkish banks have borrowed heavily abroad, and especially from supportive Sunni Muslim sources. The resulting account deficit creates so great a need for credit that the private sector alone needs to borrow $221 billion this year, or nearly 30 percent of the country’s $775 billion gross domestic product. Should the money stop flowing into Turkey, the party (pun intended) will be over, possibly leading the stock market to collapse, the currency to plunge and the economic miracle to come to a screeching halt.
Mr. Erdogan’s sultan-style understanding of his democratic mandate. The prime minister sees his election — and especially the one in 2011, when the AKP won half the popular vote — as a carte blanche to do whatever he pleases until the next vote. He indulges his personal emotions (recall his confrontation with Israeli President Shimon Peres in 2009), meddles in the tiniest matters (his decision on the use of a city park prompted the current turmoil), assumes the role of a social engineer (telling married couples to bear three or more children), involves Turkey in an unpopular foreign adventure (Syria), and demonizes the half of the electorate that did not vote for him (calling them beer guzzlers who copulate in a mosque). This attitude has won the fervent support of his once-downtrodden constituency, but also has wrought the fury of the growing numbers of Turks who resent his authoritarianism, as well as the criticism of European leaders. German Chancellor Angela Merkel pronounced herself “appalled” by the recent police crackdown.
These two weaknesses point to the importance of the economy for the future of Mr. Erdogan, the AKP and the country. Should Turkey’s finances weather the demonstrations, the Islamist program that lies at the heart of the AKP’s platform will continue to advance, if more cautiously. Perhaps Mr. Erdogan himself will remain as leader, becoming the country’s president with newly enhanced powers next year; or perhaps his party will tire of him and — as happened to Margaret Thatcher in 1990 — push him aside in favor of someone who can carry out the same program without provoking so much hostility.
If “hot money” flees Turkey, if foreign investors go elsewhere and if Persian Gulf patrons cool on the AKP, then the demonstrations could end AKP rule and rupture the drive toward Islamism and the application of Islamic law. Infighting within the party, especially between Mr. Erdogan and President Abdullah Gul, or within the Islamist movement, between the AKP and Fethullah Gulen’s powerful movement, could weaken the Islamists. More profoundly, the many non-Islamists who voted for the AKP’s sound economic stewardship might abandon the party.
Payroll employment is down by 5 percent. Real consumer spending in the first quarter of the year fell by 2 percent over 2012. Since the demonstrations started, the Istanbul stock market is down 10 percent and interest rates are up about 50 percent. To assess the future of Islamism in Turkey, watch these and other economic indicators.
Daniel Pipes (DanielPipes.org) is president of the Middle East Forum.
Read more: http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/jun/19/what-turkeys-riots-mean/#ixzz2WjGEDs5Z
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@ Viiit:
How do U want to support the militaro-industrial complex?
It is interesting to see how we are sponsoring all these musloid scoundrels.
Turkish Islamist growth is due to credit from Golf muslodis, but the Golf musloids are unproductive parasites that get all their money from us for our oil. They don’t even work, instead they use our money to hire people from Philippines,India, Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh, etc. These people are being treated like slaves, especially women are often abused. All of this is happening because we are giving them money for our oil.
Instead of supporting the parasites we should do the decent thing and take our oil away from the musloids.
They did not discover it,
they did not discover how to use it,
they did not even figure out how to refine it.
All they did was to steal the land and then for 1300 years run their camels over it.
Now what is the point of investing trillions of $$s into the military if we don’t use this investment for our own good.
In the apartheid land of the Muslims, it is all about deception. What have they produced intellectually, scientifically, economically, philosophically, etc?
Oh yes: fanaticism, genocide, mass murder, poverty, illiteracy, slavery, etc… . And the West relentlessly support them against their own values!
It is to be hoped that the “secular Turks” and the Kurds will take advantage of this opportunities to alter the course of events.
But Angela Merkel is right. U do not start talks with people whose goals is to destroy our civilization.
this article is impressive by the information left out which is very pertinent:
China’s growth was export driven but what was the cause, or foundation, upon which Turkey’s “massive” growth was achieved?
Did borrowing to fuel growth based on consumer spending play a part?
Without such analysis this is a superficial article. If Erdogan achieved growth based on real production then it is an argument for Islamic rule but if the growth was achieved through deficit then erdogan’s achievement is a fraudulent tactic. Pipes need to do better if he wishes to shine lights on events.
The protests shaking Turkey won’t end the Islamist rule of that country. The AKP may well decide to put in a softer Islamist and speed up the country’s transformation. There is no going to back to the days of the secular Kemalist Republic even though that would be in the Turks and by extension, the world’s best interests.